EXERCISE 3

Toefl Review Exercise (Skills 1-13)
1. Pictograms constitute the earliest system of writing.
2. At temperatures approaches absolute zero, substances prosses minimal energy.
3. The Earth’s one-year revolution around the Sun changes how falling sunlight on one hemisphere or the other.
4. Though sporadic interest in regional dialects has existed for centuries, the first large-scale systematic studies did not take place until the nineteenth century.
A 5. The waters of the Chattahoochee River fills Lake Lanier.
A 6. The first set of false teeth similar to those in use today it was made in France in the 1780s.
D 7. The term “Yankee” was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now
anyone from the United States are referred to as a Yankee.
A 8. A network of small arteries, mostly sandwiched between the skin and the underlying
muscles, supply blood to the face and scalp.
C 9. Mesquite is a small tree in the Southwest who can withstand the severest drought.
D 10. At the end of the revolution, most of the army units of the young nation was almost
entirely disbanded, leaving a total national military force of eghty men in 1784.

EXERCISE 14
I 1. The pastries in that shop are very expensive but quite deliciously.
C 2. You can find some change to buy a paper in the drawer, on top of the dresser, or in the jar.
C 3. The living room was decorated with expensive painting and elegance lamps.
C 4. He knew that the financial problems were serious, that the situation was not going to improve, and that he needed to get a job.
I 5. All day long during the trip to the mountains, they were skiing, sledding, or played in the snow.
C 6. The car needs new tires but not a new enginee.
C 7. He stops working when he gets too tired to continue or when he has finished.
I 8. To get to the office, you should go trough this door, turn to the left, and continuation down the hall.
C 9. For dessert we could serve lemon pie, fruit tarts, chocolate cake, or butter cookies.
I 10. The sick child needs some medicine, some juice, and to rest.

EXERCISE 15
I 1. He either lied or telling an unbelievable story.
C 2. The music at the concert was neither well played nor well liked.
I 3. He regularly studies both in the morning or in the evening.
C 4. The play that we saw last night was not only rather delightful but also quite meaningful.
I 5. He married her neither for her ability to cook nor her ability to clean house.
I 6. The discussion was both exciting and interest.
C 7. He withdrew all the money not only from the cheking account but also from the savings account.
I 8. Neither the teacher or the students are ready to leave the classroom.
I 9. You can meet with me either in the next few minutes or at 4:00.
I 10. John is an adventurous person who enjoys not only sky diving but also goes parasailing.

EXERCISE (Skills 14 – 15)
C 1. The advertisements appeared in the newspaper and on the radio.
I 2. She is trained as both an accountant and in nursing.
I 3. We can take either my car or yours to the party.
C 4. The coffee is too hot, too bitter, and too strength.
I 5. He not only passed the test but also receiving the highest score in the class.
I 6. Your ideas are neither more important or less important than the ideas of the others.
I 7. The meeting lasted only an hour but still seeming too long.
I 8. The novel was both emotional and description.
I 9. Either the counselor or her secretary can help you with that problem.
I 10.The leaves from the tree fell in the yard, in the pool, the driveway, and on the sidewalk.

TOEFL EXERCISE (SKILLS 14 – 15)
B 1. Ballpoint pens are less versatile but more population than foumtain pens.
A 2. Riddles vary greatly in both grammatical and phonology form.
B 3. Blood preassure is measured by feeling the pulse and apply a force to the arm.
D 4. The moon has no atmosphere, no air, and no watery.
C 5. The firs matches were too hard to ignite, a mess, or too dangerously easy to ignite.
C 6. A 1971 U.S. government policy not only put warnings on cigarette packs but also banning television advertising of cigarettes.
C 7. Demand, beauty, durability, rare, and perfection of cutting determine the value of gemstone.
D 8. The Harvard Yard, which was Harvard’s original campus, is still a major attraction for boyh students and visiting.
D 9. In 1862, the American Confederacy raised the Merrimack, renamed it Virginia, covered it whit iron plates, and an outfit it with ten guns.
D 10. The liquid crystals in a liquid crystal display (LCD) affect the polarized light so that it is either blocked and reflected by the segments of the display.

Toefl Review Exercise (Skills 1 – 15)
1. Most cells in multicelled organisms perform specialization fuctions.
2. The big island of Hawaii, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, was created by five volcanoes.
3. The sun uses up over four million tons of hydrogen per second but it still has enough hydrogen to last for the next billion years.
4. For Katherine L. Bates, who reached the top of Pikes Peak in 1893. the view provided the inspiration for her hymn “America the Beautiful.”
B 5. Coal, petroleum, and natural gascous are all fossil fuels.
C 6. The mass of neutron stars generally range from one-tenth to twice the mass of the sun.
D 7. Grasses grow in ways that help them to survive being nibbled, chilly, or dried.
B 8. Most of Hemingway’s novels glorifies heroic exploits such as bullfighting or boxing.
D 9. Paleographers study ancient and medieval handwriting in order to establish not only its age and also its background.
C 10.The sounds produced by bullfrogs and toads vary greatly because each species have its own particular call.

EXERCISE 16
I 1. We have already hearing the good news.
C 2. She has ridden her bicycle to school every day.
I 3. I have always believe you.
I 4. He has find the missing car keys.
C 5. They have put their money in a savings account.
C 6. Their parents have allowed them to stay up late.
C 7. She has never ran away from home before.
I 8. Have you ever saw a ghost?
C 9. They have taken three tests already this week.
I 10. He has offer me a high-paying job.

EXERCISE 17
I 1. She was study the textbooks all night long.
C 2. The pie was cut into six equal pieces.
I 3. Today the teacher is allow the students to leave class a few minutes early.
I 4. The class is teach every other semester.
C 5. Tom is bringing some drinks to the party.
C 6. The sick child was taken to see a doctor.
I 7. The children are swim in the backyard pool.
C 8. The diamond jewelry is always keep in a safe place.
C 9. The teacher is preparing a difficult exam for the students.
I 10. Dinner is served from 6:00 to 8:00.

EXERCISE 18
C 1. You should try to respond politely.
I 2. Everyone must leaves the room immediately.
I 3. I could sat on the beach for hours.
I 4. She will asking you many difficult questions.
C 5. You can look at the book, but you cannot borrow it.
C 6. He may lies to you because he is not very truthful.
I 7. He knew that he would forgot the phone number.
C 8. The wetherman said that it might snowing tonight.
I 9. Perhaps we could bought a new car this year.
I 10. This course will satisfy the graduation requirement.

EXERCISE (Skills 16 – 18)
I 1. We have became good friends in the last year.
C 2. Your name will be list in the new directory.
C 3. The new movie is receive good reviews.
C 4. She must have feel sorry about her bad behavior.
I 5. They have always given their family many presents.
C 6. We may be taking a vacation next week.
C 7. We could have taking a vacation last week.
C 8. The package might had been deliver by an express mail service.
I 9. I have not wrote very many letters to my friends.
C 10. The car should not have be drive anymore yesterday.

TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 16 – 18)
D 1. By the 1920s, many radio transmitters had been build.
C 2. Fish farming has rose in the United States in recent years.
B 3. In areas of volcanic activity, beach sand may contains dark minerals and little quartz.
A 4. Cro-Magnon man was names after the caves in southwest France where the first remains were discovered.
D 5. Lassie, the famous collie who made her first screen appearance in 1943, has always be played by a male dog.
A 6. A blue bigwig lizard stakes out a territory and will defending females within it against courting males.
A 7. President George Washington was inaugurates on the steps of the Federal Building in New York City.
A 8. By 1627, Plymouth had became a viable and growing community of fifty families, twenty-two goats, fifteen cows, and more than fifty pigs.
B 9. Tobacco was the crop on which the eminence of Williamburg and the prosperity of Virginia were base.
A 10.Because there may be scores of genes in each suspect DNA region, scientists must identifying and sequence the actual genes contributing to type I diabetes.

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skill 1 – 18)
1. The Pacific Ocean has the deepest valleys and canyons on the Earth.
2. In the United States, the participation of females in the labor force jumped from 37 percent in 1965 to 51 percent in 1980.
3. Some composers, such as Richard Wagner, have felt that interrupt arias the action of the opera too much and have written operas without them.
A 4. Water stored behind a dam can used to drive turbines.
A 5. Our universe may continue to expand as it gets colder,empty, and deader.
A 6. Every form of matter in the world are made up of atoms.
B 7. The lens and cornea are supply with nutrients and oxygen by the aqueous fluid.
A 8. Dodge City, laid out in 1872, owed both its prosperity and its famous to the buffalo in its early years.
A 9. The amount of the two kinds of cholesterol in the blood have been shown to have an effect on the risk of heart attack.
A 10. By the time Noah Webster reached his mid-twenties, he had already publish an elementary speller

EXERCISE 2

Exercise 11

C 1. The subject (of the lectures) was quite interesting.

I 2. The supplies (for the camping trip) needs to be packed.

C 3. The chairs under the table in the dinning room is quite comfortable.

I 4. The players on the winning team in the competition put forth a lot of effort.

C 5. The food for the guests at the party are on the long tables.

C 6. The cost of the clothes was higher than i had expected.

C 7. The rugs in the front rooms of the house are going to be washed today.

C 8. The waiters and waitresses in this restaurant always serves the food efficiently.

I 9. The lights in the corner of the room need to be kept on all night.

C 10. The meeting of the members of the council begins at 3:00 in the afternoon.

Exercise 12

C 1. Half of the students in the class arrive early.

I 2. Some of the fruit are rotten.

C 3. All of the next chapter contains very important information.

C 4. Most of the people in the room is paying attention.

C 5. Part of the soup is left on the stove.

I 6. Some of the movie were just too violent for me.

I 7. All of the details in the report need to be checked.

C 8. Most of the money is needed to pay the bills.

I 9. The first half of the class consists of lecture and note-talking.

I 10. Some of the questions on the test was impossible to answer.

Exercise 13

I 1. Anybody are welcome at the party.

C 2. No one here is afraid of skydiving.

I 3. Everyone in the world needs love and respect.

C 4. Someone have to clean up the house.

C 5. Each plant in the garden appear healty and strong.

I 6. You should understand that anything is possible.

C 7. Everthing in the salad are good for you.

C 8. Nobody in the class have completed the assignment on time.

C 9. I am sure that every detail have been considered.

I 10. Everybody know the rules, but somebody is not following them.

Exercise (Sklills 11-13)

C 1. The receptionist in the entryway to the offices is able to answer your questions.

C 2. All of the information in the documents are important.

I 3. Anyone in one of the classes has to take the final exam.

I 4. The coordinator of community services are arranging the program.

C 5. Most of the car are covered with mud.

C 6. Nothing more is going to be completed today.

C 7. The drinks in the pitchers on the table in the ballroom is for everyone.

C 8. Everybody were told to be here at 8:00, but somebody is not here.

C 9. Some of the meetings at the conference are limited to ten participants.

I 10. The sauce on the vegetables in the yellow bowl taste really delicious.

Toefl Exercise (Skills 11 – 13)

A 1. Nobody know when the process of glass-making was invented.

D 2. Sugars like glucose is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

C 3. Part of the electricity used in the United States today come from hydroelectric sources.

B 4. The languages of the world presents a vast array of structural similarities and differences.

D 5. The rise of multinationals have resulted in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals can operate in so many jurisdictions.

A 6. All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States has even numbers, while
north-south interstate highways are odd-numbered.

C 7. When a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud expoded in 1987, a wave of neutrinos were detected on Earth.

C 8. Some of the agricultural practices used today is responsible for fostering desertification.

B 9. Every open space in the targeted area that has grass and a few bushes are occupied by
the white-crowned sparrow.

B 10. Krakatoa is remembered as the volcano that put so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world was affected for two years afterward.

Toefl Review Exercise (Skills 1-13)

1. Pictograms constitute the earliest system of writing.

2. At temperatures approaches absolute zero, substances prosses minimal energy.

3. The Earth’s one-year revolution around the Sun changes how falling sunlight on one hemisphere or the other.

4. Though sporadic interest in regional dialects has existed for centuries, the first large-scale systematic studies did not take place until the nineteenth century.

A 5. The waters of the Chattahoochee River fills Lake Lanier.
A 6. The first set of false teeth similar to those in use today it was made in France in the 1780s.
D 7. The term “Yankee” was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now
anyone from the United States are referred to as a Yankee.
A 8. A network of small arteries, mostly sandwiched between the skin and the underlying
muscles, supply blood to the face and scalp.
C 9. Mesquite is a small tree in the Southwest who can withstand the severest drought.
D 10. At the end of the revolution, most of the army units of the young nation was almost
entirely disbanded, leaving a total national military force of eghty men in 1784.

EXERCISE 14

I 1. The pastries in that shop are very expensive but quite deliciously.

C 2. You can find some change to buy a paper in the drawer, on top of the dresser, or in the jar.

C 3. The living room was decorated with expensive painting and elegance lamps.

C 4. He knew that the financial problems were serious, that the situation was not going to improve, and that he needed to get a job.

I 5. All day long during the trip to the mountains, they were skiing, sledding, or played in the snow.

C 6. The car needs new tires but not a new enginee.

C 7. He stops working when he gets too tired to continue or when he has finished.

I 8. To get to the office, you should go trough this door, turn to the left, and continuation down the hall.

C 9. For dessert we could serve lemon pie, fruit tarts, chocolate cake, or butter cookies.

I 10. The sick child needs some medicine, some juice, and to rest.

EXERCISE 15

I 1. He either lied or telling an unbelievable story.

C 2. The music at the concert was neither well played nor well liked.

I 3. He regularly studies both in the morning or in the evening.

C 4. The play that we saw last night was not only rather delightful but also quite meaningful.

I 5. He married her neither for her ability to cook nor her ability to clean house.

I 6. The discussion was both exciting and interest.

C 7. He withdrew all the money not only from the cheking account but also from the savings account.

I 8. Neither the teacher or the students are ready to leave the classroom.

I 9. You can meet with me either in the next few minutes or at 4:00.

I 10. John is an adventurous person who enjoys not only sky diving but also goes parasailing.

EXERCISE (Skills 14 – 15)

C 1. The advertisements appeared in the newspaper and on the radio.

I 2. She is trained as both an accountant and in nursing.

I 3. We can take either my car or yours to the party.

C 4. The coffee is too hot, too bitter, and too strength.

I 5. He not only passed the test but also receiving the highest score in the class.

I 6. Your ideas are neither more important or less important than the ideas of the others.

I 7. The meeting lasted only an hour but still seeming too long.

I 8. The novel was both emotional and description.

I 9. Either the counselor or her secretary can help you with that problem.

I 10.The leaves from the tree fell in the yard, in the pool, the driveway, and on the sidewalk.

TOEFL EXERCISE (SKILLS 14 – 15)

B 1. Ballpoint pens are less versatile but more population than foumtain pens.

A 2. Riddles vary greatly in both grammatical and phonology form.

B 3. Blood preassure is measured by feeling the pulse and apply a force to the arm.

D 4. The moon has no atmosphere, no air, and no watery.

C 5. The firs matches were too hard to ignite, a mess, or too dangerously easy to ignite.

C 6. A 1971 U.S. government policy not only put warnings on cigarette packs but also banning television advertising of cigarettes.

C 7. Demand, beauty, durability, rare, and perfection of cutting determine the value of gemstone.

D 8. The Harvard Yard, which was Harvard’s original campus, is still a major attraction for boyh students and visiting.

D 9. In 1862, the American Confederacy raised the Merrimack, renamed it Virginia, covered it whit iron plates, and an outfit it with ten guns.

D 10. The liquid crystals in a liquid crystal display (LCD) affect the polarized light so that it is either blocked and reflected by the segments of the display.

Toefl Review Exercise (Skills 1 – 15)

1. Most cells in multicelled organisms perform specialization fuctions.

2. The big island of Hawaii, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, was created by five volcanoes.

3. The sun uses up over four million tons of hydrogen per second but it still has enough hydrogen to last for the next billion years.

4. For Katherine L. Bates, who reached the top of Pikes Peak in 1893. the view provided the inspiration for her hymn “America the Beautiful.”

B 5. Coal, petroleum, and natural gascous are all fossil fuels.

C 6. The mass of neutron stars generally range from one-tenth to twice the mass of the sun.

D 7. Grasses grow in ways that help them to survive being nibbled, chilly, or dried.

B 8. Most of Hemingway’s novels glorifies heroic exploits such as bullfighting or boxing.

D 9. Paleographers study ancient and medieval handwriting in order to establish not only its age and also its background.

C 10.The sounds produced by bullfrogs and toads vary greatly because each species have its own particular call.

EXERCISE 16

I 1. We have already hearing the good news.

C 2. She has ridden her bicycle to school every day.

I 3. I have always believe you.

I 4. He has find the missing car keys.

C 5. They have put their money in a savings account.

C 6. Their parents have allowed them to stay up late.

C 7. She has never ran away from home before.

I 8. Have you ever saw a ghost?

C 9. They have taken three tests already this week.

I 10. He has offer me a high-paying job.

EXERCISE 17

I 1. She was study the textbooks all night long.

C 2. The pie was cut into six equal pieces.

I 3. Today the teacher is allow the students to leave class a few minutes early.

I 4. The class is teach every other semester.

C 5. Tom is bringing some drinks to the party.

C 6. The sick child was taken to see a doctor.

I 7. The children are swim in the backyard pool.

C 8. The diamond jewelry is always keep in a safe place.

C 9. The teacher is preparing a difficult exam for the students.

I 10. Dinner is served from 6:00 to 8:00.

EXERCISE 18

C 1. You should try to respond politely.

I 2. Everyone must leaves the room immediately.

I 3. I could sat on the beach for hours.

I 4. She will asking you many difficult questions.

C 5. You can look at the book, but you cannot borrow it.

C 6. He may lies to you because he is not very truthful.

I 7. He knew that he would forgot the phone number.

C 8. The wetherman said that it might snowing tonight.

I 9. Perhaps we could bought a new car this year.

I 10. This course will satisfy the graduation requirement.

EXERCISE (Skills 16 – 18)
I 1. We have became good friends in the last year.
C 2. Your name will be list in the new directory.
C 3. The new movie is receive good reviews.
C 4. She must have feel sorry about her bad behavior.
I 5. They have always given their family many presents.
C 6. We may be taking a vacation next week.
C 7. We could have taking a vacation last week.
C 8. The package might had been deliver by an express mail service.
I 9. I have not wrote very many letters to my friends.
C 10. The car should not have be drive anymore yesterday.

TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 16 – 18)

D 1. By the 1920s, many radio transmitters had been build.

C 2. Fish farming has rose in the United States in recent years.

B 3. In areas of volcanic activity, beach sand may contains dark minerals and little quartz.

A 4. Cro-Magnon man was names after the caves in southwest France where the first remains were discovered.

D 5. Lassie, the famous collie who made her first screen appearance in 1943, has always be played by a male dog.

A 6. A blue bigwig lizard stakes out a territory and will defending females within it against courting males.

A 7. President George Washington was inaugurates on the steps of the Federal Building in New York City.

A 8. By 1627, Plymouth had became a viable and growing community of fifty families, twenty-two goats, fifteen cows, and more than fifty pigs.

B 9. Tobacco was the crop on which the eminence of Williamburg and the prosperity of Virginia were base.

A 10.Because there may be scores of genes in each suspect DNA region, scientists must identifying and sequence the actual genes contributing to type I diabetes.

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skill 1 – 18)

1. The Pacific Ocean has the deepest valleys and canyons on the Earth.

2. In the United States, the participation of females in the labor force jumped from 37 percent in 1965 to 51 percent in 1980.

3. Some composers, such as Richard Wagner, have felt that interrupt arias the action of the opera too much and have written operas without them.

A 4. Water stored behind a dam can used to drive turbines.

A 5. Our universe may continue to expand as it gets colder,empty, and deader.

A 6. Every form of matter in the world are made up of atoms.

B 7. The lens and cornea are supply with nutrients and oxygen by the aqueous fluid.

A 8. Dodge City, laid out in 1872, owed both its prosperity and its famous to the buffalo in its early years.

A 9. The amount of the two kinds of cholesterol in the blood have been shown to have an effect on the risk of heart attack.

A 10. By the time Noah Webster reached his mid-twenties, he had already publish an elementary speller.

Influence of Consumer Decision Making

Consumers will respond in the purchase of products due to the influence and the conditions of a market. There are several stages in the buying process, first Adaiah Ketertarikkan the product.Second, the desire for someone to buy. Third, the decision to buy.Finally making a purchase.
From the stage of the procurement process, in the third stage of the decision making process that will be there whether the product will be purchased or not. There are five stages in consumer decision-making process is to identify needs, seek information, evaluate alternatives, decisions, and post-purchase behavior.
Humans have many needs. But the most basic needs must be met.There are situations where the use at the time the goods or services using what is appropriate for the required. At least the primary needs and secondary needs to be a fundamental requirement.
Before making a purchase consumers should already know the information about the products to be purchased. Information is needed in order to purchase basic support his decision.Information can be obtained from family, friends, advertisements, public, and from experience in buying.
In determining the choice of the considerations contained in the product attributes. In terms of benefits, image, interests, and functions that are expected to satisfy consumers. Evaluation of cognitive-based alternative to a conscious and rational thinking.
For the decision to buy there are several factors that affect such consumer's income, the appropriate price, and benefit from the product. Afterwards, the consumers decide to buy the product or not buy the product.
Experience in purchasing will help consumers to make purchases.Consumers in the post-purchase stage will result in a positive and negative impacts. Its positive impact is that consumers are satisfied with the product and it will provide positive information for these products to others. Its negative effects are the consumers feel disappointed (not satisfied) and he could stop buying or switching to other products so that consumers will give negative information about the product to others.
Besides stage decision process, consumer behavior in product selection is also influenced by the characteristics of the situation, such as physical environment, such as color, aroma, music is very influential in affecting consumer mood konsuman behavior. Also ritual situation described as an event that has a symbolic meaning, for example, in celebration of Valentine's, chocolate products, flowers, and with identical pink packaging that will be a lot purchased by consumers than the time before and after Valentine's.